Raise your hand if you tend to reach for the ball when blocking. Don't be shy – raising your hand is like reaching for the ball, so you should be good at it!

The problem with reaching for the ball is that it means you'll have multiple blocking strokes, rather than two good ones (backhand and forehand). This doesn't mean you can't ever reach when needed, but that should be a last resort. Stepping to the ball allows you to use the same consistent blocking stroke over and over, leading to a consistent block. So let's kick this habit once and for all so you'll never reach for the ball when blocking or find yourself raising your hand while reading a coaching article.

What causes the Blocking Reachies? Several things.

1. You have no choice but to reach if your feet are anchored to the ground. So be light on your feet. Weight should be toward the front inside part of the feet. Bounce slightly between shots to better prepare yourself for the next shot. Even slow, out-of-shape players with bad knees can do this; it's just a habit to develop.
2. If you wait to see if you have to move, you're wasting time. Expect to move; it's just a matter of what direction and how far. So imagine you are on the starting blocks, and take off as soon as you see where the ball is going.
3. Moving is a habit. Players who think they aren't fast enough to move are mistaking a bad habit for slowness. The instant you see where the ball is going your reaction should be to step in that direction. You can begin a step just as fast as you can begin a reach. If necessary, do both, just don't skip the stepping part. One way to make this a habit is to shadow stroke the footwork. Imagine a ball coming to you to your right or left, and practice stepping to it to block. Do this over and over until it's habit. Focus on balance as you move. And don't rush; in most cases you have more time than you think.

Develop confidence in your blocking, knowing that you can cover the entire table with a single step in either direction, and turn yourself into the Great Wall of You. 

Many players are always looking for shots to put away, especially when serving. The problem here is that if you consciously look for shots to put away, then you are consciously taking control of your shots instead of letting your training (i.e. your subconscious) do what it's been trained to do. Instead, just let the shots happen, i.e. let your trained reflexes take over.

If there's a shot you can put away, your training should take over and you'll put the ball away. If it's not a shot you can put away, then your training will allow you to react appropriately – but if you were consciously looking for a ball to put away, then that won't happen as you've put aside your training to consciously take control. If your training doesn't take control properly, then you need to train yourself so that it does happen.

How do you train yourself to reflexively go for winners when the shot is there? Practice. (Pause while you stop groaning.) And how do you do that? Here are two ways.

• With a coach: He can feed you multiball where he mixes in difficult and easy shots, and you put away the easy ones. After each shot is when you consciously think about whether you went for the right shot. You can do this against either backspin or topspin, or a mixture.
• With a practice partner or coach, or in practice matches: Practice your serve and attack, where you have to judge each time if your partner's return can be put away or not. Try to clear your mind and let your reactions take over. After each rally, that's when you should consciously think about whether you went for the right shot. If you think about it, your subconscious will get the message.

When should you go for a put-away shot? That's different for everyone, but you'll learn what you can do with experience and practice. Obviously high balls should be put away, but you should also learn to put away most balls that land in the middle of the table (depth-wise), shots where you aren't rushed or pressured (by the ball's speed, spin, or placement), and perhaps even off a strong shot when you read and time the ball just right. 

One of the most difficult and often frustrating players to play is the one who seems able to attack all of your serves at will, even short backspin serves. In your attempt to get the attack, you might serve short backspin serves, but he just reaches in and backhand flips them.

You could just accept this, and play rallies with him, where each rally on your serve starts with you having to counter-attack off his backhand flip. But that means giving up your serve advantage – and since you still have to face your opponent's serves, is likely a losing tactic. However, there's a better way of looking at this. You can't stop him from attacking your serves, but you can make him miss a good percentage of them. How to do this? There are three main ways.

First, you challenge him with extremely low and heavy backspin serves, with a few no-spin serves thrown in to mess him up. Many players think they are serving low, but their serves actually cross the net too high and bounce too high. (Here's a Tip of the Week on Serving Low.)  Or they think they are serving heavy backspin but aren't getting enough spin. (Here's a Tip of the Week on How to Create a Truly Heavy Backspin Serve.) Or they don't vary their backspin serves with no-spin serves. (Here's a Tip of the Week on Those Dizzying No-Spin Serves.)

Second, you challenge him by varying the spin and placement, and mixing in long serves. Here are some Tips of the Week on these: Serving Short with Spin; Where to Serve Short; and Turn Opponents Into Puppets with Long Serves.

Third, you can serve from the middle or forehand side of the table so you have an angle into the short forehand, and then vary between serving short to the forehand and long to the backhand, using the same motion. (It's most effective if you can serve short to the forehand with a backhand sidespin type serve.) Here's a Tip of the week on Serving Short to Forehand and Long to Backhand.

Ultimately, you cannot stop a receiver from trying to attack your serves, but you can maximize the number of mistakes he'll make in doing so. If he makes too many, either you win from that, or he'll have to reconsider his aggressive receives. 

Many players have only a few receives off any given serve. This means they may be comfortable against those serves, but they aren't really doing anything to "mess up the server." How do you mess up the server? There are three ways.

• You can attack the serve. But that means going for relatively high-risk shots, and the advantage of the attack is often offset by the misses. Plus, if you attack every serve, you become predictable, and so the server is ready for it. 
• You can neutralize the serve and get into a neutral rally. There are many ways of doing this, such as a short push, a well-executed deep push, or a well-placed medium attack. These are great options, but also become predictable. 
• You can vary your receive so the server has no idea what you are going to do next. 

This last one is the hardest for most players to execute as it means having numerous ways of returning any given serve. In many cases you only need a few options. But there are many times where having more options will pay off - plus, if you have many options, you are more likely to have the specific options that the server will have trouble with. 

I'm going to go over an exercise I often demonstrate in clinics. I get a volunteer to serve short backspin to my forehand. I have him do this over and over, and each time I give a different receive. Here's a short list of some of the possibilities - and yet many players rely almost exclusively on one or two of these. You don't need to do all of these, but you should be able to do nearly all of them, and then pick and choose which ones are the most effective options against a given opponent - and then "cycle" through those options so the server never knows what's coming next. The following is just for receiving short backspin serves to the forehand; you should work out on your own the options on other serves. In general, you should look to have more options against short serves, and be aggressive against long serves. (We'll assume the volunteer is a righty.) 

1. Quick push to forehand.
2. Quick push to middle (opponent's elbow - when you go there you want to be quick).
3. Quick push down line to backhand. 
4. Aim to wide forehand then quick push to backhand.
5. Aim to wide backhand then quick push to forehand. 
6. Extremely heavy push to wide forehand.
7. Extremely heavy push to wide backhand.
8. Aim to wide forehand then sidespin push to wide backhand (ball breaking to right).
9. Aim to wide backhand then sidespin push to wide forehand (ball breaking to left). 
10. Aim to wide forehand then push short to backhand.
11. Aim to wide backhand then push short to backhand. 
12. Aggressive topspin flip to wide forehand.
13. Aggressive topspin flip to middle (opponent's elbow).
14. Aggressive topspin flip down line to backhand.
15. Aim to wide forehand then flip to wide backhand. 
16. Aim to wide forehand then flip to middle (opponent's elbow). 
17. Aim to wide backhand then flip to wide forehand. 
18. Aim to wide backhand then flip to middle (opponent's elbow). 
19. Flat but quick flip to wide forehand.
20. Flat but quick flip to middle (opponent's elbow).
21. Flat but quick flip to backhand. 
22. Fake a push but at the last second flip - this gives you about ten more possibilities.
23. Step to right and flip with backhand - and suddenly you have lots of new possibilities as you can aim one way, go another, and go after the backhand, middle, or forehand. 
24. When pushing, vary the contact point to throw off opponent's timing, sometimes taking the ball quick off the bounce, sometimes at the top of the bounce, and other times taking it later, which surprisingly throws many opponent's off. 
25. No-spin pushes! 

Are you starting to see the possibilities? You don't need to learn all of these; pick the ones you like, and practice them until they are weapons in your arsenal, ready to pull out as needed to "mess up the server." 

A match doesn't always go to the player with the best shots. Just as often it goes to the player who knows how to control play. It doesn't matter how strong the opponent's shots may be if he rarely gets a chance to use them effectively. How do you do this?

You control a match primarily with serve and receive, which sets up your first shot in the rally. When choosing these shots you should ask yourself three questions: 

1. What serve/receive is your opponent weakest against?
   This is the most obvious and needs little explaining. It's also the most overused, as opponents expect this, and develop ways to overcome these weaknesses. This doesn't mean you shouldn't pound your opponent on his weaknesses, but if that's the limit of your tactics, you'll have trouble controlling a match against many players. 
2. What serve/receive will put your opponent into a weak position?
   Sometimes this overlaps with #1 above, but not always. For example, a player may have a very good forehand flip against a short serve to the forehand, but it draws him over the table, and if he's weaker on the backhand, it might leave him open on that side. So you might sometimes serve short to the forehand, and prepare to block his flip to his backhand, and then take control of the rally. Or, against a strong forehand player, sometimes challenge his forehand by serving deep there, and quick block to the weaker backhand side, and take control of the rally. (The reverse of both of these also works, where you serve to the backhand and block to the forehand.) 

   The same idea works when receiving. For example, a player may have a strong forehand loop against backspin, but if you aim your receive to the forehand, and then at the last second instead quick push to the backhand, it takes away the opponent's forehand loop and puts him in a weak position. In general, if an opponent is strong on one side but weaker on the other, you might want to go wide to the strong side first, then quick block to the weak side, catching the opponent out of position and forced to use his weaker side while moving or reaching.

3. What serve/receive is your opponent not expecting?
   This is probably most underused tactic. If a player has trouble with a certain serve, receive, or shot, he'll likely be expecting it. While you should still pound him on this weakness, you'll do even better if you regularly catch him off guard with the unexpected. Examples are endless - you simply vary all of your serves, receives, and shots to keep the opponent off guard, forcing erratic or weaker returns, and then take control of the rally. But there are a number of standard combinations that can keep an opponent guessing. For example, using the same serving motion, serve either short to the forehand with varying spins (including no-spin), and deep, breaking serves to the backhand. The opponent doesn't know if he's got to be ready to step in for the short serve to the forehand or cover the wide, deep backhand. Then throw in a few other serves, such as a fast no-spin to the middle, and watch the opponent wither. 

   This tactic is also way underused when receiving. Far too many players receive predictably over and over rather than catch the opponent off guard. This is often because a player doesn't have confidence in more than one type of receive against a given serve - but rather than resigning himself to mediocrity, why not develop a full range of receives, so that you can both receive in the way the opponent has the most trouble against (#1 above), as well as being able to vary the receive and so leaving your opponent never knowing what to expect?

Always remember - whoever has the bigger serve & receive arsenal - and knows how to use it to control play - usually wins.